When an entrant gambles on ousting an incumbent, a follower mobilizes to depose a leader, or a predator targets the dissolution of a competitor – who will win and who will lose? An introduction to the game between the challenger and the defender.

The neoclassical definition of rationality, though continuously and consistently debated, has remained the cornerstone of economics for decades. How do current developments in areas ranging from finance to the natural sciences, necessitate and facilitate a departure from this paradigm?